1. Like in the United States, railroads in Australia have the capability to carry truck trailers across the country. 
a. True
*b. False

2. Railroad freight transport in the United States is a dying industry. 
a. True
*b. False

3. It is possible that some ocean freight traffic will be replaced by rail service between East Asia and Europe. 
*a. True
b. False

4. The shipping container was developed in 1970 by Marshall McLuan. 
a. True
*b. False

5. Twenty-foot containers are 6.1 meters. 
*a. True
b. False

6. Most European freight is transported by ISO boxes on railroad cars. 
a. True
*b. False

7. Switzerland prohibits trucking through the Alps, forcing trucks to piggy-back on trains. 
*a. True
b. False

8. Double-stacking of containers on railroad cars is the standard practice in both North America and Europe. 
a. True
*b. False
 
9. Liquid-bulk containers cannot be stacked with traditional containers. 
a. True
*b. False

10. Extended length containers are designed to hold cargo that does not fit in a 40-foot container. 
*a. True
b. False

11. Special containers often are forced to return empty. 
*a. True
b. False

12. Aircraft containers are used to aggregate small individual packages rather than to form a whole shipment. 
*a. True
b. False

13. Cargo going from the Far East to Europe can cross the North American continent via a land bridge. 
*a. True
b. False

14. The Rotterdam Rules do not address the issues of cargo liability for cargo transported by land. 
a. True
*b. False

15. The freight forwarding business is concentrated into a small number of very large companies. 
a. True
*b. False

16. Cargo that requires specific arrangements to be transported, because it exceeds weight and dimensional limits of traditional cargo, is called project cargo. 
*a. True
b. False

17. Pipelines can be used to transport coal. 
*a. True
b. False

18. North American barges tend to be larger than European barges. 
*a. True
b. False

19. Heightened inspection levels have delayed border crossings worldwide. 
*a. True
b. False

20. FAST is a European program that facilitates border crossings for trucks carrying cargo between Europe and the rest of the world. 
a. True
*b. False

1. Trucking, from a North American perspective, is
~ Trucking, from a North American perspective, is domestic, heavy between the United States and Canada, and involved in some trade across the U. S. -Mexico border. 
@ Trucking, from a North American perspective, is domestic, heavy between the United States and Canada, and involved in some trade across the U. S. -Mexico border. 
*a. the means by which most goods are transported domestically. 
b. rarely used between the United States and Canada. 
c. never used in trade across the U. S. -Mexico border. 
d. the preferred means of transportation for time-sensitive goods. 
e. the second-most used means of transportation for manufactured goods. 

2. Much trade at the United States-Mexico border is handled 
~ A large percentage of the U. S. -Mexico trade is done on a Delivered at Terminal (DAT) basis. Prior to Incoterms 2010, it was on a DAF (Delivered at Frontier) basis. 
@ A large percentage of the U. S. -Mexico trade is done on a Delivered at Terminal (DAT) basis. Prior to Incoterms 2010, it was on a DAF (Delivered at Frontier) basis. 
a. by ocean. 
b. by trucks loading and unloading in Mexican border towns. 
c. involving trucks not regulated by weight, length, and other equipment standards. 
*d. on a DAT basis. 
e. by small-package carriers, such as UPS and FedEx. 

3. Trucks carrying international cargo tend to be 
~ Trucks are not identical from country to country and are subject to the regulations of the foreign country they enter. There are no ICC trucking rules. Trucks tend to be semi-trucks, made up of a tractor pulling a trailer. They can find cargo for both directions. 
@ Trucks are not identical from country to country and are subject to the regulations of the foreign country they enter. There are no ICC trucking rules. Trucks tend to be semi-trucks, made up of a tractor pulling a trailer. They can find cargo for both directions. 
*a. semi-trucks. 
b. identical from country to country. 
c. free of regulations in the foreign country they enter. 
d. subject to the international regulations of the International Chamber of Commerce. 
e. returned empty to their point of origin. 

4. The biggest problem in international trucking in Europe is/are
~ The variance in the value of the euro is irrelevant to international trucking. And in the European Union, border controls are no longer a factor. But the biggest challenge in shipping goods internationally by trucks is to abide by all the different countrys rules and regulations. 
@ The variance in the value of the euro is irrelevant to international trucking. And in the European Union, border controls are no longer a factor. But the biggest challenge in shipping goods internationally by trucks is to abide by all the different countrys rules and regulations. 
a. variance in the value of the euro. 
*b. different regulations from country to country. 
c. border controls. 
d. driving on alternating sides of the road. 
e. deteriorating road conditions in border towns. 

5. In the European Union, trucking is often delayed by
~ Due to the European Union, border controls are gone. Tight regulations, however, prohibit grossly overloaded trucks. 
@ Due to the European Union, border controls are gone. Tight regulations, however, prohibit grossly overloaded trucks. 
a. border controls. 
b. grossly overloaded trucks. 
*c. social protests. 
d. Customs inspections. 
e. weather issues. 

6. In 2007, U. S. railroads had a market share of _____ of all long-distance ton miles shipped. 
~ In the U. S. in 2015, 1. 75 trillion ton-miles were shipped by rail, making it the market share of more than 40 percent of all ton-miles shipped long-distance in the country. 
@ In the U. S. in 2015, 1. 75 trillion ton-miles were shipped by rail, making it the market share of more than 40 percent of all ton-miles shipped long-distance in the country. 
*a. 40 percent
b. 35 percent
c. 22 percent
d. 12 percent
e. 3 percent

7. The European Community has recently introduced the concept of _____ that run trains straight through from major ports to cities such as Milan and Vienna without changing locomotives and crews at each border. 
~ Freight corridors are designed to carry freight from northern Europes major ports to Milan and Vienna by rail. 
@ Freight corridors are designed to carry freight from northern Europes major ports to Milan and Vienna by rail. 
*a. freight corridors. 
b. intermodal operations. 
c. bullet trains. 
d. land bridges. 
e. fast connectors. 

8. Not including intermodal shipments, the three main traditional areas of the U. S. railroad freight business have been in the areas of
~ High-end electronics, cut flowers, and time-sensitive parcels cannot optimally move by rail unless on fast intermodal trains. Packaged consumer goods require the flexibility of trucks to be properly distributed to retailers. Gasoline is better shipped long-distance by pipeline and short distances by truck. Mobile homes require the flexibility of trucks for delivery, fast mail sometimes goes by Amtrak train or perhaps by fast intermodal, but not by regular freight trains. The U. S. railroads traditionally have had three business activities: bulk freight, break-bulk freight, and automobiles. 
@ High-end electronics, cut flowers, and time-sensitive parcels cannot optimally move by rail unless on fast intermodal trains. Packaged consumer goods require the flexibility of trucks to be properly distributed to retailers. Gasoline is better shipped long-distance by pipeline and short distances by truck. Mobile homes require the flexibility of trucks for delivery, fast mail sometimes goes by Amtrak train or perhaps by fast intermodal, but not by regular freight trains. The U. S. railroads traditionally have had three business activities: bulk freight, break-bulk freight, and automobiles. 
a. high-end electronics, cut flowers, and time-sensitive parcels. 
b. packaged consumer goods, computers, and gasoline. 
*c. bulk freight, break-bulk freight in boxcars, and automobiles. 
d. mobile homes, fast mail, and gravel. 
e. fresh produce (fruits and vegetables). 

9. Intermodal has become popular because 
~ All of these reasons apply to the popularity of intermodal shipping. 
@ All of these reasons apply to the popularity of intermodal shipping. 
a. it offers one-stop shopping for shippers. 
b. it means shippers do not have to worry about making changes between transport modes. 
c. it means ocean shipping companies offer transportation in modes other than in their core competency. 
d. it allows goods to be manipulated only once. After the initial loading, it's only the box that is handled. 
*e. All answers in this response set are advantages of intermodal transportation. 

10. A high cube container is _____ feet tall. 
~ The correct answer is 9. 5 feet. 
@ The correct answer is 9. 5 feet. 
a. 16
b. 14
c. 12.5
d. 11
*e. 9.5

11. As freight moves from mode to mode in intermodal travel, liability limits
~ Liability limits are not unchanged: as goods travel from one mode of transportation to another, the legal or regulatory liability limits change. They are not established by the carrier but by laws or regulations, and the role of the freight agent is unrelated to liability limits. 
@ Liability limits are not unchanged: as goods travel from one mode of transportation to another, the legal or regulatory liability limits change. They are not established by the carrier but by laws or regulations, and the role of the freight agent is unrelated to liability limits. 
a. are unchanged. 
*b. change from mode to mode. 
c. are established by the carrier. 
d. are established by the carriers freight agent. 
e. are established by private contracts between carriers and shippers. 

12. Malcom McLean devised the container system and implemented it in
~ Containers were first implemented in April 1956. 
@ Containers were first implemented in April 1956. 
a. 1966. 
*b. 1956. 
c. 1946. 
d. 1976. 
e. 1936. 

13. The term project cargo refers to cargo
~ Project cargo requires more advance planning because of its size, weight, or volume. Oversize cargo that does not fit in a container is break-bulk cargo (or general merchandise cargo), there are no standard size limits, and cargo that requires climate of atmospheric control (to be in a pure-nitrogen environment for example) is generally handled with a reefer. 
@ Project cargo requires more advance planning because of its size, weight, or volume. Oversize cargo that does not fit in a container is break-bulk cargo (or general merchandise cargo), there are no standard size limits, and cargo that requires climate of atmospheric control (to be in a pure-nitrogen environment for example) is generally handled with a reefer. 
a. that is oversize and cannot fit in a container. 
*b. that is outside of the normal realm of what shipping companies handle in terms of weight, size, or destination. 
c. that weighs more than 100 metric tonnes and/or measures more than 100 cubic meters. 
d. that requires special handling, such as refrigeration or atmospheric control. 
e. that is related to a single purchase; that is, there is no repeat purchase possible. For example, a collectors car or a piece of jewelry. 

14. Much of the crude oil transported internationally travels by oil tankers (ships) and by
~ Pipelines carry oil, oil-based products, and natural gas. When they carry coal, they are called slurry lines.  Trucks and trains carry a very modest share of oil, especially internationally. 
@ Pipelines carry oil, oil-based products, and natural gas. When they carry coal, they are called slurry lines.  Trucks and trains carry a very modest share of oil, especially internationally. 
a. trucks. 
*b. pipelines. 
c. trains. 
d. slurry lines. 
e. horse-drawn carts. 

15. Companies involved in the Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT) have been given expedited Customs clearance at border crossings, through the use of
~ The C-TPAT program implemented FAST lanes for border crossings by C-TPAT-compliant shippers and carriers. 
@ The C-TPAT program implemented FAST lanes for border crossings by C-TPAT-compliant shippers and carriers. 
*a. Free and Secure Trade (FAST) lanes. 
b. Secure and Safe Speedy (SASSY) lanes. 
c. Security of Free Trade (SOFT) lanes. 
d. Cleared Transportation (CT) lanes. 
e. Cleared And Safe Handling (CASH) lanes. 


Type: F
1. The biggest challenge to international trucking in Europe is the myriad of ____________________ that are present. 
a. regulations
b. rules
c. legal constraints
d. legal requirements
e. requirements

Type: F
2. In Europe, some trucking companies register their vehicles in other countries in order to avoid ____________________. 
a. higher taxation
b. high taxes
c. taxes
d. taxation
e. high taxation

Type: F
3. Overloaded trucks are common in ____________________ and some parts of Asia. 
a. Africa

Type: F
4. Unlike the United States, European railroads focus more on ____________________ traffic than freight. 
a. passenger

Type: F
5. Efforts to develop a fairly seamless European freight rail system have been resisted by the country of ____________________. 
a. France

Type: F
6. Europeans have attempted to upgrade their freight railroad systems but they are slowed by bloated ____________________. 
a. bureaucracies
b. administrations
c. governements
d. governement agencies
e. red tape

Type: F
7. A transportation system using more than one mode but which operates under a single bill of lading is called ____________________. 
a. intermodal

Type: F
8. Container ship capacity is measured in ____________________. 
a. TEUs
b. twenty-foot equivalent units
c. twenty foot equivalent units
d. 20 foot equivalent units
e. 20 ft equivalent units

Type: F
9. Cargo that cannot fit through the doors of a regular container is shipped in ____________________ containers. 
a. open-top
b. open top

Type: F
10. A ____________________ is the idea that cargo traveling on ocean liners can cross a land obstacle by being unloaded in one port, transferred to a train, carried across the land area by rail, and reloaded onto another ship. 
a. land bridge
b. land-bridge

Type: F
11. Although there are some standardization attempts, most air freight ____________________ are designed to fit a specific aircraft. 
a. containers

Type: F
12. Cargo of exceptional size and/or weight is called ____________________. 
a. project cargo

Type: F
13. River barges mostly carry ____________________ cargo. 
a. bulk
b. heavy
c. dry bulk